What Are L2s | Layer2简介

Layer 2 solutions handle transactions off-chain while leveraging the main chain for security. They dramatically reduce gas fees and increase throughput. Main categories: Optimistic Rollups and ZK-Rollups. Layer2方案在链下处理交易同时利用主链保障安全，大幅降低Gas费用并提高吞吐量。

Optimistic Rollups | Optimistic Rollup

Arbitrum leads with over $3B in TVL, offering EVM-compatible deployment. Optimism pioneered the OP Stack for building custom L2 chains. Both offer significantly lower fees than Ethereum L1. Arbitrum以超过30亿美元TVL领先。Optimism推出了OP Stack模块化框架。两者费用远低于以太坊L1。

ZK-Rollups | ZK-Rollup

ZK-Rollups use zero-knowledge proofs for instant transaction validation. zkSync Era features native account abstraction. StarkNet uses Cairo language. Scroll builds EVM-equivalent ZK-Rollup for seamless migration. ZK-Rollup使用零知识证明即时验证交易。zkSync Era有原生账户抽象。

Comparing Solutions | 方案对比

L2 fees are 10-100x cheaper than L1. ZK-Rollups offer faster finality (~minutes) vs Optimistic Rollups (~7 days). ZK-Rollups provide mathematical correctness verification. Layer2费用比以太坊L1便宜10-100倍。ZK-Rollup提供更快的最终确认。

Ethereum Scaling Future | 以太坊扩展未来

The roadmap envisions a rollup-centric future where L1 serves as settlement. Proto-danksharding (EIP-4844) further reduces L2 fees. This architecture scales Ethereum to millions of TPS. 以太坊扩展路线图以Rollup为中心，EIP-4844进一步降低了L2费用。